diff --git a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/collections/CollectionEditView.vue b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/collections/CollectionEditView.vue
index 1bf00f9..736f3bb 100644
--- a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/collections/CollectionEditView.vue
+++ b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/collections/CollectionEditView.vue
@@ -32,11 +32,12 @@
         </a-form-item>
 
         <a-form-item label="适用年级" name="gradeLevels">
-          <a-checkbox-group v-model:value="formState.gradeLevels">
+          <a-checkbox-group v-model:value="formState.gradeLevels" disabled>
             <a-checkbox value="小班">小班</a-checkbox>
             <a-checkbox value="中班">中班</a-checkbox>
             <a-checkbox value="大班">大班</a-checkbox>
           </a-checkbox-group>
+          <div v-if="formState.gradeLevels.length === 0" class="grade-hint">根据已选课程包自动填充</div>
         </a-form-item>
 
         <a-divider>课程包配置</a-divider>
@@ -55,11 +56,8 @@
                   <a-input-number v-model:value="record.sortOrder" :min="0" size="small" />
                 </template>
                 <template v-else-if="column.key === 'gradeLevel'">
-                  <a-select v-model:value="record.gradeLevel" size="small" style="width: 100px">
-                    <a-select-option value="小班">小班</a-select-option>
-                    <a-select-option value="中班">中班</a-select-option>
-                    <a-select-option value="大班">大班</a-select-option>
-                  </a-select>
+                  <a-tag v-for="g in (record.gradeLevels || [])" :key="g">{{ g }}</a-tag>
+                  <span v-if="!record.gradeLevels?.length">-</span>
                 </template>
                 <template v-else-if="column.key === 'action'">
                   <a-button type="link" size="small" danger @click="removePackage(index)">移除</a-button>
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@
 </template>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref, reactive, computed, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { ref, reactive, computed, watch, onMounted } from 'vue';
 import { useRouter, useRoute } from 'vue-router';
 import { message } from 'ant-design-vue';
 import type { FormInstance } from 'ant-design-vue';
@@ -140,7 +138,7 @@ const formState = ref({
   gradeLevels: [] as string[],
 });
 
-const selectedPackages = ref<{ packageId: number | string; gradeLevel: string; sortOrder: number; packageName: string }[]>([]);
+const selectedPackages = ref<{ packageId: number | string; gradeLevels: string[]; sortOrder: number; packageName: string }[]>([]);
 
 const formRules = {
   name: [{ required: true, message: '请输入套餐名称' }],
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ const formRules = {
 
 const packageColumns = [
   { title: '课程包', dataIndex: 'packageName', key: 'packageName' },
-  { title: '年级', dataIndex: 'gradeLevel', key: 'gradeLevel', width: 120 },
+  { title: '年级', dataIndex: 'gradeLevels', key: 'gradeLevel', width: 120 },
   { title: '排序', dataIndex: 'sortOrder', key: 'sortOrder', width: 80 },
   { title: '操作', key: 'action', width: 80 },
 ];
@@ -176,6 +174,15 @@ const parseGradeTags = (tags: string | string[]) => {
   }
 };
 
+// 从已选课程包同步适用年级到表单（年级列只读，从课程包数据读取）
+const syncGradeLevelsFromPackages = () => {
+  const grades = [...new Set(selectedPackages.value.flatMap((p) => p.gradeLevels || []).filter(Boolean))];
+  formState.value.gradeLevels = grades;
+};
+
+// 监听已选课程包变化（添加、移除、修改年级），自动同步适用年级
+watch(() => selectedPackages.value, syncGradeLevelsFromPackages, { deep: true });
+
 const fetchCollectionDetail = async () => {
   if (!isEdit.value) return;
 
@@ -186,17 +193,13 @@ const fetchCollectionDetail = async () => {
     formState.value.price = (detail.price || 0) / 100;  // 分转元
     formState.value.discountPrice = detail.discountPrice ? detail.discountPrice / 100 : null;
     formState.value.discountType = detail.discountType || null;
-    // 解析年级，后端是逗号分隔字符串，前端是数组
-    if (detail.gradeLevels) {
-      formState.value.gradeLevels = detail.gradeLevels.split(',');
-    }
 
-    // 加载已选课程包
+    // 加载已选课程包（年级从课程包读取，不可编辑；适用年级自动同步）
     selectedPackages.value = (detail.packages || []).map((p: any) => ({
       packageId: p.id,
       packageName: p.name,
-      gradeLevel: p.gradeLevels?.[0] || '小班',
-      sortOrder: p.sortOrder,
+      gradeLevels: Array.isArray(p.gradeLevels) ? p.gradeLevels : (p.gradeLevels ? [p.gradeLevels] : []),
+      sortOrder: p.sortOrder ?? 0,
     }));
   } catch (error) {
     console.error('获取套餐详情失败:', error);
@@ -221,12 +224,15 @@ const handleAddPackages = () => {
   const existingIds = new Set(selectedPackages.value.map((p) => p.packageId));
   const newPackages = availablePackages.value
     .filter((p) => selectedRowKeys.value.includes(p.id) && !existingIds.has(p.id))
-    .map((p) => ({
-      packageId: p.id,
-      packageName: p.name,
-      gradeLevel: parseGradeTags(p.gradeTags)?.[0] || '小班',
-      sortOrder: selectedPackages.value.length,
-    }));
+    .map((p) => {
+      const tags = parseGradeTags(p.gradeTags);
+      return {
+        packageId: p.id,
+        packageName: p.name,
+        gradeLevels: Array.isArray(tags) && tags.length > 0 ? tags : ['小班'],
+        sortOrder: selectedPackages.value.length,
+      };
+    });
 
   selectedPackages.value.push(...newPackages);
   selectedRowKeys.value = [];
@@ -268,12 +274,10 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
       id = res.id;
     }
 
-    // 保存课程包关联
+    // 保存课程包关联（按 sortOrder 排序）
     if (selectedPackages.value.length > 0) {
-      await setCollectionPackages(
-        id,
-        selectedPackages.value.map((p) => p.packageId),
-      );
+      const sorted = [...selectedPackages.value].sort((a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder);
+      await setCollectionPackages(id, sorted.map((p) => p.packageId));
     }
 
     message.success(isEdit.value ? '套餐更新成功' : '套餐创建成功');
@@ -308,4 +312,10 @@ onMounted(() => {
 .package-list {
   width: 100%;
 }
+
+.grade-hint {
+  color: #999;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
 </style>
diff --git a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/collections/CollectionListView.vue b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/collections/CollectionListView.vue
index cad39d4..c9e0e42 100644
--- a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/collections/CollectionListView.vue
+++ b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/collections/CollectionListView.vue
@@ -57,6 +57,18 @@
               <template v-if="record.status === 'DRAFT'">
                 <a-button type="link" size="small" @click="handleView(record)">查看</a-button>
                 <a-button type="link" size="small" @click="handleEdit(record)">编辑</a-button>
+                <a-tooltip v-if="(record.packageCount || 0) === 0" title="请先添加至少一个课程包">
+                  <span>
+                    <a-button type="primary" size="small" disabled>发布</a-button>
+                  </span>
+                </a-tooltip>
+                <a-popconfirm
+                  v-else
+                  title="确定要发布此套餐吗？发布后学校端将可以查看。"
+                  @confirm="handlePublish(record)"
+                >
+                  <a-button type="primary" size="small">发布</a-button>
+                </a-popconfirm>
                 <a-popconfirm title="确定要删除吗？" @confirm="handleDelete(record)">
                   <a-button type="link" size="small" danger>删除</a-button>
                 </a-popconfirm>
@@ -72,6 +84,18 @@
               <template v-else-if="record.status === 'REJECTED'">
                 <a-button type="link" size="small" @click="handleView(record)">查看</a-button>
                 <a-button type="link" size="small" @click="handleEdit(record)">修改</a-button>
+                <a-tooltip v-if="(record.packageCount || 0) === 0" title="请先添加至少一个课程包">
+                  <span>
+                    <a-button type="primary" size="small" disabled>发布</a-button>
+                  </span>
+                </a-tooltip>
+                <a-popconfirm
+                  v-else
+                  title="确定要发布此套餐吗？发布后学校端将可以查看。"
+                  @confirm="handlePublish(record)"
+                >
+                  <a-button type="primary" size="small">发布</a-button>
+                </a-popconfirm>
               </template>
 
               <!-- 已通过状态 -->
diff --git a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/courses/CourseDetailView.vue b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/courses/CourseDetailView.vue
index 2b6206f..f470525 100644
--- a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/courses/CourseDetailView.vue
+++ b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/courses/CourseDetailView.vue
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="header-actions">
-        <a-button @click="editCourse">
+        <a-button v-if="course.status !== 'PUBLISHED'" @click="editCourse">
           <EditOutlined /> 编辑
         </a-button>
         <a-button @click="viewStats">
diff --git a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/courses/CourseEditView.vue b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/courses/CourseEditView.vue
index 1215b7e..49013e4 100644
--- a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/courses/CourseEditView.vue
+++ b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/courses/CourseEditView.vue
@@ -218,6 +218,13 @@ const fetchCourseDetail = async () => {
     const res = await getCourse(courseId.value) as any;
     const course = res.data || res;
 
+    // 已发布的课程包不允许编辑
+    if (course?.status === 'PUBLISHED') {
+      message.warning('已发布的课程包不允许编辑，请使用「迭代版本」创建新版本');
+      router.push(`/admin/packages/${courseId.value}`);
+      return;
+    }
+
     // 基本信息
     formData.basic.name = course.name;
     formData.basic.themeId = course.themeId;
diff --git a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/packages/PackageEditView.vue b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/packages/PackageEditView.vue
index 92fb0ad..01a89ca 100644
--- a/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/packages/PackageEditView.vue
+++ b/reading-platform-frontend/src/views/admin/packages/PackageEditView.vue
@@ -39,11 +39,12 @@
         </a-form-item>
 
         <a-form-item label="适用年级" name="gradeLevels">
-          <a-select v-model:value="form.gradeLevels" mode="multiple" placeholder="请选择适用年级" style="width: 300px">
-            <a-select-option value="小班">小班</a-select-option>
-            <a-select-option value="中班">中班</a-select-option>
-            <a-select-option value="大班">大班</a-select-option>
-          </a-select>
+          <a-checkbox-group v-model:value="form.gradeLevels" disabled>
+            <a-checkbox value="小班">小班</a-checkbox>
+            <a-checkbox value="中班">中班</a-checkbox>
+            <a-checkbox value="大班">大班</a-checkbox>
+          </a-checkbox-group>
+          <div v-if="form.gradeLevels.length === 0" class="grade-hint">根据已选课程包自动填充</div>
         </a-form-item>
 
         <a-divider>课程包配置</a-divider>
@@ -62,11 +63,8 @@
                   <a-input-number v-model:value="record.sortOrder" :min="0" size="small" />
                 </template>
                 <template v-else-if="column.key === 'gradeLevel'">
-                  <a-select v-model:value="record.gradeLevel" size="small" style="width: 100px">
-                    <a-select-option value="小班">小班</a-select-option>
-                    <a-select-option value="中班">中班</a-select-option>
-                    <a-select-option value="大班">大班</a-select-option>
-                  </a-select>
+                  <a-tag v-for="g in (record.gradeLevels || [])" :key="g">{{ g }}</a-tag>
+                  <span v-if="!record.gradeLevels?.length">-</span>
                 </template>
                 <template v-else-if="column.key === 'action'">
                   <a-button type="link" size="small" danger @click="removePackage(index)">移除</a-button>
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@
 </template>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref, reactive, computed, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { ref, reactive, computed, watch, onMounted } from 'vue';
 import { useRouter, useRoute } from 'vue-router';
 import { message } from 'ant-design-vue';
 import type { FormInstance } from 'ant-design-vue';
@@ -145,18 +143,23 @@ const form = reactive({
   gradeLevels: [] as string[],
 });
 
-const selectedPackages = ref<{ packageId: number | string; gradeLevel: string; sortOrder: number; packageName: string }[]>([]);
+const selectedPackages = ref<{ packageId: number | string; gradeLevels: string[]; sortOrder: number; packageName: string }[]>([]);
 
-// 表单校验规则
+// 表单校验规则（适用年级由已选课程包自动填充）
 const formRules = {
   name: [{ required: true, message: '请输入套餐名称' }],
   price: [{ required: true, message: '请输入价格' }],
-  gradeLevels: [{ required: true, message: '请选择适用年级' }],
+  gradeLevels: [{
+    validator: () => {
+      if (selectedPackages.value.length === 0) return Promise.reject('请先添加至少一个课程包');
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    },
+  }],
 };
 
 const packageColumns = [
   { title: '课程包', dataIndex: 'packageName', key: 'packageName' },
-  { title: '年级', dataIndex: 'gradeLevel', key: 'gradeLevel', width: 120 },
+  { title: '年级', dataIndex: 'gradeLevels', key: 'gradeLevel', width: 120 },
   { title: '排序', dataIndex: 'sortOrder', key: 'sortOrder', width: 80 },
   { title: '操作', key: 'action', width: 80 },
 ];
@@ -174,7 +177,8 @@ const rowSelection = computed(() => ({
   },
 }));
 
-const parseGradeTags = (tags: string) => {
+const parseGradeTags = (tags: string | string[]) => {
+  if (Array.isArray(tags)) return tags;
   try {
     return JSON.parse(tags || '[]');
   } catch {
@@ -182,6 +186,15 @@ const parseGradeTags = (tags: string) => {
   }
 };
 
+// 从已选课程包同步适用年级到表单（年级列只读，从课程包数据读取）
+const syncGradeLevelsFromPackages = () => {
+  const grades = [...new Set(selectedPackages.value.flatMap((p) => p.gradeLevels || []).filter(Boolean))];
+  form.gradeLevels = grades;
+};
+
+// 监听已选课程包变化（添加、移除、修改年级），自动同步适用年级
+watch(() => selectedPackages.value, syncGradeLevelsFromPackages, { deep: true });
+
 const fetchPackageDetail = async () => {
   if (!isEdit.value) return;
 
@@ -192,13 +205,13 @@ const fetchPackageDetail = async () => {
     form.price = pkg.price / 100;
     form.discountPrice = pkg.discountPrice ? pkg.discountPrice / 100 : undefined;
     form.discountType = pkg.discountType;
-    form.gradeLevels = JSON.parse(pkg.gradeLevels || '[]');
 
+    // 加载已选课程包（年级从课程包读取，不可编辑；适用年级自动同步）
     selectedPackages.value = (pkg.packages || []).map((p: any) => ({
       packageId: p.id,
       packageName: p.name,
-      gradeLevel: p.gradeLevels?.[0] || '小班',
-      sortOrder: p.sortOrder,
+      gradeLevels: Array.isArray(p.gradeLevels) ? p.gradeLevels : (p.gradeLevels ? [p.gradeLevels] : []),
+      sortOrder: p.sortOrder ?? 0,
     }));
   } catch (error) {
     message.error('获取套餐详情失败');
@@ -222,12 +235,15 @@ const handleAddPackages = () => {
   const existingIds = new Set(selectedPackages.value.map((p) => p.packageId));
   const newPackages = availablePackages.value
     .filter((p) => selectedRowKeys.value.includes(p.id) && !existingIds.has(p.id))
-    .map((p) => ({
-      packageId: p.id,
-      packageName: p.name,
-      gradeLevel: parseGradeTags(p.gradeTags)?.[0] || '小班',
-      sortOrder: selectedPackages.value.length,
-    }));
+    .map((p) => {
+      const tags = parseGradeTags(p.gradeTags);
+      return {
+        packageId: p.id,
+        packageName: p.name,
+        gradeLevels: Array.isArray(tags) && tags.length > 0 ? tags : ['小班'],
+        sortOrder: selectedPackages.value.length,
+      };
+    });
 
   selectedPackages.value.push(...newPackages);
   selectedRowKeys.value = [];
@@ -267,12 +283,10 @@ const handleSave = async () => {
       id = res.id;  // 后端 Long 序列化为 string
     }
 
-    // 保存课程包关联
+    // 保存课程包关联（按 sortOrder 排序）
     if (selectedPackages.value.length > 0) {
-      await setCollectionPackages(
-        id,
-        selectedPackages.value.map((p) => p.packageId),
-      );
+      const sorted = [...selectedPackages.value].sort((a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder);
+      await setCollectionPackages(id, sorted.map((p) => p.packageId));
     }
 
     message.success('保存成功');
@@ -303,4 +317,10 @@ onMounted(() => {
 .package-list {
   width: 100%;
 }
+
+.grade-hint {
+  color: #999;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
 </style>
diff --git a/reading-platform-java/src/main/java/com/reading/platform/service/impl/CoursePackageServiceImpl.java b/reading-platform-java/src/main/java/com/reading/platform/service/impl/CoursePackageServiceImpl.java
index cfc76d3..018540b 100644
--- a/reading-platform-java/src/main/java/com/reading/platform/service/impl/CoursePackageServiceImpl.java
+++ b/reading-platform-java/src/main/java/com/reading/platform/service/impl/CoursePackageServiceImpl.java
@@ -296,24 +296,24 @@ public class CoursePackageServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<CoursePackageMapper, C
         entity.setIntroMethods(request.getIntroMethods());
         entity.setIntroEvaluation(request.getIntroEvaluation());
         entity.setIntroNotes(request.getIntroNotes());
-        entity.setScheduleRefData(request.getScheduleRefData());
+        entity.setScheduleRefData(emptyToNull(request.getScheduleRefData()));
         entity.setEnvironmentConstruction(request.getEnvironmentConstruction());
         entity.setThemeId(request.getThemeId());
         entity.setPictureBookName(request.getPictureBookName());
-        entity.setEbookPaths(request.getEbookPaths());
-        entity.setAudioPaths(request.getAudioPaths());
-        entity.setVideoPaths(request.getVideoPaths());
-        entity.setOtherResources(request.getOtherResources());
+        entity.setEbookPaths(emptyToNull(request.getEbookPaths()));
+        entity.setAudioPaths(emptyToNull(request.getAudioPaths()));
+        entity.setVideoPaths(emptyToNull(request.getVideoPaths()));
+        entity.setOtherResources(emptyToNull(request.getOtherResources()));
         entity.setPptPath(request.getPptPath());
         entity.setPptName(request.getPptName());
         entity.setPosterPaths(request.getPosterPaths());
         entity.setTools(request.getTools());
         entity.setStudentMaterials(request.getStudentMaterials());
-        entity.setLessonPlanData(request.getLessonPlanData());
-        entity.setActivitiesData(request.getActivitiesData());
-        entity.setAssessmentData(request.getAssessmentData());
-        entity.setGradeTags(request.getGradeTags());
-        entity.setDomainTags(request.getDomainTags());
+        entity.setLessonPlanData(emptyToNull(request.getLessonPlanData()));
+        entity.setActivitiesData(emptyToNull(request.getActivitiesData()));
+        entity.setAssessmentData(emptyToNull(request.getAssessmentData()));
+        entity.setGradeTags(emptyToNull(request.getGradeTags()));
+        entity.setDomainTags(emptyToNull(request.getDomainTags()));
         entity.setHasCollectiveLesson(request.getHasCollectiveLesson() != null && request.getHasCollectiveLesson() ? 1 : 0);
         return entity;
     }
@@ -339,27 +339,34 @@ public class CoursePackageServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<CoursePackageMapper, C
         if (request.getIntroMethods() != null) entity.setIntroMethods(request.getIntroMethods());
         if (request.getIntroEvaluation() != null) entity.setIntroEvaluation(request.getIntroEvaluation());
         if (request.getIntroNotes() != null) entity.setIntroNotes(request.getIntroNotes());
-        if (request.getScheduleRefData() != null) entity.setScheduleRefData(request.getScheduleRefData());
+        if (request.getScheduleRefData() != null) entity.setScheduleRefData(emptyToNull(request.getScheduleRefData()));
         if (request.getEnvironmentConstruction() != null) entity.setEnvironmentConstruction(request.getEnvironmentConstruction());
         if (request.getThemeId() != null) entity.setThemeId(request.getThemeId());
         if (request.getPictureBookName() != null) entity.setPictureBookName(request.getPictureBookName());
-        if (request.getEbookPaths() != null) entity.setEbookPaths(request.getEbookPaths());
-        if (request.getAudioPaths() != null) entity.setAudioPaths(request.getAudioPaths());
-        if (request.getVideoPaths() != null) entity.setVideoPaths(request.getVideoPaths());
-        if (request.getOtherResources() != null) entity.setOtherResources(request.getOtherResources());
+        if (request.getEbookPaths() != null) entity.setEbookPaths(emptyToNull(request.getEbookPaths()));
+        if (request.getAudioPaths() != null) entity.setAudioPaths(emptyToNull(request.getAudioPaths()));
+        if (request.getVideoPaths() != null) entity.setVideoPaths(emptyToNull(request.getVideoPaths()));
+        if (request.getOtherResources() != null) entity.setOtherResources(emptyToNull(request.getOtherResources()));
         if (request.getPptPath() != null) entity.setPptPath(request.getPptPath());
         if (request.getPptName() != null) entity.setPptName(request.getPptName());
         if (request.getPosterPaths() != null) entity.setPosterPaths(request.getPosterPaths());
         if (request.getTools() != null) entity.setTools(request.getTools());
         if (request.getStudentMaterials() != null) entity.setStudentMaterials(request.getStudentMaterials());
-        if (request.getLessonPlanData() != null) entity.setLessonPlanData(request.getLessonPlanData());
-        if (request.getActivitiesData() != null) entity.setActivitiesData(request.getActivitiesData());
-        if (request.getAssessmentData() != null) entity.setAssessmentData(request.getAssessmentData());
-        if (request.getGradeTags() != null) entity.setGradeTags(request.getGradeTags());
-        if (request.getDomainTags() != null) entity.setDomainTags(request.getDomainTags());
+        if (request.getLessonPlanData() != null) entity.setLessonPlanData(emptyToNull(request.getLessonPlanData()));
+        if (request.getActivitiesData() != null) entity.setActivitiesData(emptyToNull(request.getActivitiesData()));
+        if (request.getAssessmentData() != null) entity.setAssessmentData(emptyToNull(request.getAssessmentData()));
+        if (request.getGradeTags() != null) entity.setGradeTags(emptyToNull(request.getGradeTags()));
+        if (request.getDomainTags() != null) entity.setDomainTags(emptyToNull(request.getDomainTags()));
         if (request.getHasCollectiveLesson() != null) entity.setHasCollectiveLesson(request.getHasCollectiveLesson() ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 将空字符串转为 null，避免 MySQL JSON 列报错 "The document is empty"
+     */
+    private static String emptyToNull(String value) {
+        return StringUtils.hasText(value) ? value : null;
+    }
+
     private CourseLessonResponse toLessonResponse(CourseLesson lesson) {
         List<LessonStep> steps = courseLessonService.findSteps(lesson.getId());
         List<LessonStepResponse> stepResponses = steps.stream()